Principles of Contaminant Transport and Fate in Soil and Groundwater Training: A Focus on Petroleum, Chlorinated Solvents, and Metals - Harrisburg, PA

• Potential Fates of Contaminants

• Advection

• Mechanical Dispersion

• Diffusion (Chemical Dispersion)

• Matrix Storage
• Polarity and Solubility
  
• Effective Solubility

3- and 4-Phase Equilibrium Partitioning

• Chemical Phases
  
• Le Chatelier's Principle
  

• Adsorption, Absorption, and Sorption
  

• Applications of Kd, Koc, foc, Kow, and KH

• NAPL and the One Percent Rule

• Metal Sorption and pH

• 3- and 4-Phase Mass Distribution of Gasoline
  

• Desorption Rates
  

Subsurface Transport

• Subsurface Zones
  

• Soil Properties
  

• Contaminant Infiltration

• Hydrogeology Overview

• Three Point Problem

• Retardation Factors
  

• Contaminant Velocity

• Plume Diving

Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) Transport

• LNAPL "Shark Fin" Model
  
• LNAPL Transport and Distribution Scenarios
  

• Saturation and Recoverability

• Specific Retention (Sr)
  

• Concentration of Saturation (Csat)

• DNAPL Transport and Distribution Scenarios
  

• 14 Compartment Model

Vapor Transport

• Contaminant Vapor Transport Processes

• Petroleum Vapor Attenuation

• Chlorinated Vapor Attenuation

• Preferential Pathways

• Barometric Pumping

• Natural Attenuation Processes

• Lines of Evidence

• Decay Rates

• Estimating Restoration Time Frame

• Degradation Rate Tools
  

Focus on Hydrocarbon Contamination

• Gasoline and Diesel Chemistry

• Properties of BTEX, Oxygenates, and Additives

• Soil Retention

• Ethanol Cosolvation and Plume Elongation

• Natural Attenuation Processes

• Geochemical Indicators
  

• Plume Behavior and Redox Zones

• BTEX Plume Lengths
• Monitoring Parameters
  

Focus on Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Contamination

• Chlorinated Solvent Chemistry and Sources
  

• Plume Behavior Classification
  

• Degradation Pathways

• Dehalogenating Microbes
• Role of Hydrogen Gas
• Geochemical Indicators
• Biotransformation Rates
• Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI)
  
• Monitoring Parameters
  

Focus on Metal Contaminants

• Forms of Metal Contamination

• Total Metals vs. Dissolved

• Complexation and Speciation

• Precipitation

• Redox and Microbial Effects

• Salt and Metal Mobility

• Methylation and Demethylation

• Cation/Anion Exchange

• pH, Variably Charged Soils and Organic Matter

• Metal Fixation (Aging)

• Six Scenarios Approach to Understanding Inorganic Attenuation